Listing description
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CAS Number 68551-17-7
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EC Number 271-366-9
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MDL number MFCD00287158
White spirit (UK) or mineral spirits (US, Canada), also known as mineral turpentine (AU/NZ), turpentine substitute, petroleum spirits, solvent naphtha (petroleum), varsol, Stoddard solvent, or, generically, "paint thinner", is a petroleum-derived clear liquid used as a common
organic solvent in painting and decorating.
Detailed description
A mixture of aliphatic and alicyclic C7 to C12 hydrocarbons, white spirit is used as an extraction solvent, as a
cleaning solvent, as a degreasing solvent and as a solvent in aerosols, paints, wood preservatives, lacquers, varnishes, and asphalt products. In western Europe about 60% of the
total white spirit consumption is used in paints, lacquers and varnishes. White
spirit is the most widely used solvent in the paint industry. In households,
white spirit is commonly used to clean paint brushes after use, to clean auto
parts and tools, as a starter fluid for charcoal grills, to remove adhesive
residue from non-porous surfaces, and many other common tasks.
Content
White spirit is a mixture of aliphatic and alicyclic C7 to C12 hydrocarbons with a maximum
content of 25% of C7 to C12 aromatic hydrocarbons. A typical composition for mineral spirits is > 65% C10 or
higher hydrocarbons,[6] aliphatic solvent hexane, and a maximum benzene content of 0.1% by
volume, a kauri-butanol value of 29, an
initial boiling point of 145 °C (293 °F) to 174 °C
(345 °F), and a density of 0.79 g/ml.
Types and grades
Three different types and three different grades of
white spirit exist. The type refers to whether the solvent has been
subjected to hydrodesulfurization (removal of sulfur)
alone (type 1), solvent extraction (type 2) or hydrogenation (type 3).
Each type comprises three different grades: low flash grade,
regular grade, and high flash grade. The grade is determined by the crude oil used as the starting
material and the conditions of distillation.
In addition there is type 0, which is defined as
distillation fraction with no further treatment, consisting predominantly of
saturated C9 to C12 hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 140–200 °C.
Stoddard solvent is a specific
mixture of hydrocarbons, typically > 65% C10 or higher hydrocarbons,[7] developed in 1924 by
Atlanta dry cleaner W. J. Stoddard and
Lloyd E. Jackson of the Mellon Institute of
Industrial Research as a less volatile
petroleum-based dry cleaning solvent than the petroleum solvents then in use.
Dry cleaners began using the result of their work in 1928 and it soon became
the predominant dry cleaning solvent in the United States, until the late
1950s.
Turpentine substitute is generally not
made to a standard and can have a wider range of components than products
marketed as white spirit, which is made to a standard (in the UK, British Standard BS 245, in Germany, DIN 51632). Turpentine
substitute can be used for general cleaning but is not recommended for paint
thinning as it may adversely affect drying times due to the less volatile
components; while it may be used for brush cleaning its heavier components may
leave an oily residue.
Use
White Spirit is a petroleum distillate used as a paint thinner and mild solvent. In industry,
mineral spirits are used for cleaning and degreasing machine tools and
parts, and in conjunction with cutting oil as a thread cutting and reaming lubricant.
Mineral spirits are an inexpensive petroleum-based replacement
for the vegetable-based turpentine. It is commonly
used as a paint thinner for oil-based paint and cleaning
brushes, and as an organic solvent in other
applications. Mineral turpentine is chemically very different from turpentine,
which mainly consists of pinene, and it has inferior solvent properties.[9][not in citation
given] Artists use mineral
spirits as an alternative to turpentine since it is less flammable
and less toxic. Because of interactions with pigments, artists require a higher
grade of mineral spirits than many industrial users, including the complete
absence of residual sulfur.
Mineral spirits have a characteristic unpleasant kerosene-like odor. Chemical
manufacturers have developed a low odor version of mineral turpentine which
contains less of the highly volatile shorter hydrocarbons.[10] Odorless mineral
spirits are mineral spirits that have been further refined to remove the
more toxic aromatic compounds, and are
recommended for applications such as oil painting, where humans have
close contact with the solvent.
In screen printing (also referred to as
silk-screening), mineral spirits are often used to clean and unclog screens
after printing with oil-based textile and plastisol inks. They are also
used to thin inks used in making monoprints.
Mineral spirits are often used inside liquid-filled compasses and gauges.[11]
Mineral spirits are also used for re-gripping golf
clubs. After the old grip is removed, the mineral spirits are poured into the
new grip and shaken. After the mineral spirits are poured on, the new
underlying tape and the new grip are slid on. After an hour of drying out, the
new grip and club are ready to use.
Although not normally marketed as a fuel, white
spirit can be used as an alternative to kerosene in portable stoves, since it is merely
a light grade of kerosene. It
cannot be used as an alternative to white gas, which is a much
more volatile gasoline-like fuel.
White spirits are also a major ingredient in some
popular automotive fuel/oil additives, such as Marvel Mystery Oil,
as they are capable of dissolving varnish and sludge buildup.[12]
Mineral spirits are also commonly used for cutting fluid in ultraprecision
lathes (commonly referred to as diamond turning machines).
Toxicity
White spirit is mainly classed as an irritant. It has a fairly
low acute toxicity by inhalation of the vapour, dermal (touching the skin) and
oral routes (ingestion). However, acute exposure can lead to central nervous
system depression resulting in lack of coordination and slowed reactions.
Exposure to very high concentrations in enclosed spaces can lead to general narcotic effects (drowsiness,
dizziness, nausea etc...) and can eventually lead to unconsciousness. Oral
ingestion presents a high aspiration hazard. Prolonged or
repeated skin exposure over a long period of time can result in severe irritant dermatitis, also called contact dermatitis.
Exposure to white spirit in direct contact with the skin for several hours can
cause severe chemical burns.[13] It is recommended
that skin exposure be kept to a minimum by use of gloves, and that hands be
washed after contact. Occasional exposure to skin is highly unlikely to cause
any problems.
Exposure to an average white spirit concentration of
240 mg/m3 (40 ppm)
for more than 13 years could lead
to chronic central nervous system effects. White spirit is implicated in the
development of "chronic toxic encephalopathy" among house
painters.
Owing to the volatility and low bioavailability of
its constituents, white spirit, although it is moderately toxic to aquatic
organisms, is unlikely to present significant hazards to the environment. It
should not however, be purposely poured down the sink or freshwater drain.
Packaging
1, 2.5 L in glass bottle
PRICE
$48.74/KG OR $22.15/IB
For more information:
mobile: +2348039721941
contact person: emeaba uche
e-mail: emeabau@yahoo.com
website: www.franchiseminerals.com
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